SPOM Concept Atlas
21 concepts across the four ICAI Self-Paced Online Modules. Each card has a one-line summary, key formula, memory aid, and the common mistake to avoid.
SET A · Corporate & Economic Laws
5 conceptsIndependent Directors — Composition
Listed: ⅓ independent (½ if chairperson is promoter or non-executive related to promoter, OR top-1000 by mcap).
Open concept →SEBI Insider Trading — Trading Window
Window closes from end of period; reopens 48 hours after results are filed with stock exchange.
Open concept →IBC Section 9 — Default Threshold
Operational creditor default threshold: ₹1 crore (raised from ₹1 lakh in March 2020).
Open concept →FEMA — Cross-Border Mergers
Governed by Section 234 + Rule 25A + FEMA (CBM) Regulations 2018. Deemed RBI approval if foreign jurisdiction is FATF/IOSCO compliant and assets/liabilities settled within 2 yrs.
Open concept →PMLA — STR / CTR / CBWTR Reporting
STR: 7 working days from suspicion. CTR & CBWTR: by 15th of following month. Records retained 5 years.
Open concept →SET B · Strategic Cost & Performance Management
7 conceptsTransfer Pricing — General Rule
Minimum transfer price = variable cost + opportunity cost forgone.
Open concept →Strategic Analysis of Operating Income (SAOI)
Decompose Δ Operating Income into Growth, Price-Recovery, and Productivity components to read strategic fit.
Open concept →Lean — Seven Wastes (Muda)
TIMWOOD — Transport, Inventory, Motion, Waiting, Over-production, Over-processing, Defects.
Open concept →Jidoka — Build-in Quality
Stop the line on first defect. Two pillars: Andon (alert + line-stop) and Poka-yoke (mistake-proof).
Open concept →Marginal Cost & Contribution
Marginal cost = variable cost of one more unit. Contribution = Selling price − VC.
Open concept →Standard Costing — Variance Analysis
Material/Labour variances split into Price (rate) × Quantity (efficiency × yield/mix).
Open concept →Make or Buy Decision
Compare relevant cost (avoidable fixed + variable) of making vs buy price + opportunity gain from freed capacity.
Open concept →SET C · Electives
6 conceptsVaR vs Expected Shortfall
ES = expected loss conditional on loss exceeding VaR. ES ≥ VaR always.
Open concept →TCFD — Four Disclosure Pillars
Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics & Targets.
Open concept →IBC — CIRP Timeline
180 days + 90 day extension. Hard outer limit 330 days (incl. litigation, post-2019).
Open concept →TP Method Selection
Most-appropriate method (MAM): CUP > RPM/CPM > TNMM > PSM. Internal CUP > external CUP. Document FAR analysis.
Open concept →Benford's Law
Leading digit '1' should appear ≈30.1%. Departure from this → red flag.
Open concept →Covered Interest Parity
Forward = Spot × (1 + r_domestic) / (1 + r_foreign).
Open concept →SET D · Skill Papers
3 conceptsArticle 19(2) — Reasonable Restrictions
Eight grounds: sovereignty/integrity, security, friendly relations, public order, decency, morality, contempt, defamation, incitement.
Open concept →LTV/CAC Ratio
Healthy ≥3.0; viable ≥2.0; troubled <2.0. Payback period = CAC / monthly contribution.
Open concept →OWASP API1 — Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA)
Most prevalent API risk. Attacker manipulates object IDs to access data they shouldn't.
Open concept →