Ch 3 · Profits and Gains of Business or Profession (Sec 28-44)

⭐ Important points (exam-critical)

• ⭐Sec 44AD presumptive: 8%/6% of turnover, turnover ≤ ₹3 crore (FY 2024-25 enhancement if cash ≤5%).
• ⭐Sec 44ADA professionals: 50% of receipts, limit ₹75 lakh (enhanced).
• ⭐Sec 43B(h): payment to MSME beyond agreed period (max 45 days) — disallowance until paid.
• ⭐Sec 35AD: 100% deduction on capex of specified businesses (cold chain, warehousing, fertiliser).